KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE AND TECHNIQUES OF UMBILICAL CORD CARE AMONG NURSING MOTHERS IN STATE HOSPITAL, OTA, OGUN STATE.

Abstract

This study investigated the knowledge, practices, and techniques of umbilical cord care among nursing mothers in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Adopting a quantitative survey research design, data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 120 respondents. The questionnaire encompassed various aspects of umbilical cord care practices and demographic information. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS27 software, with statistical tests such as t-test utilized to test the hypotheses formulated in the study. The findings of the study revealed several significant associations between demographic factors and umbilical cord care practices among nursing mothers. Education level and socioeconomic status were found to influence knowledge, adherence to recommended practices, and utilization of effective techniques for umbilical cord care. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of antenatal education and counseling in shaping perceptions and behaviors related to umbilical cord care. Despite generally positive perceptions and adherence to recommended practices, there were areas identified for improvement, particularly in addressing uncertainties and variations in techniques employed by nursing mothers. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into umbilical cord care practices among nursing mothers in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, education programs, and ongoing support to enhance umbilical cord care practices and promote better neonatal health outcomes. Recommendations include strengthening antenatal education, implementing targeted counseling sessions, and engaging community stakeholders to support nursing mothers in proper umbilical cord care. By addressing the identified gaps and promoting optimal care practices, stakeholders can work towards ensuring better health outcomes for newborns and their families in the study setting and beyond.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

The umbilical cord is a vital structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta in the womb (UN IGME, 2018). This lifeline provides essential nutrients and oxygen to the growing baby throughout pregnancy. After birth, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut, leaving behind a stump that serves as a point of attachment until it naturally dries and falls off within a few weeks (World Health Organization, n.d.). Despite its seemingly straightforward nature, the care of the umbilical cord stump is crucial to prevent infections and promote healing.

Research has shown significant variations in knowledge, practices, and techniques of umbilical cord care among nursing mothers (Coffey & Brown, 2017). While some mothers may adhere to recommended guidelines for cleaning and caring for the umbilical cord stump, others may have misconceptions or engage in practices that could potentially harm their newborns. These differences in caregiving approaches highlight the importance of understanding cultural beliefs, socioeconomic factors, and access to healthcare services.

In State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, where this study is focused, there is a pressing need to explore the knowledge, practices, and techniques of umbilical cord care among nursing mothers (Udosen et al., 2019). As a healthcare facility serving a diverse population, understanding the factors influencing umbilical cord care can inform tailored interventions aimed at improving neonatal health outcomes. By identifying gaps in knowledge and addressing misconceptions, healthcare professionals can empower mothers to provide optimal care for their newborns.

The findings of this study can provide valuable insights into the current state of umbilical cord care practices among nursing mothers in the State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State (Asiegbu et al., 2019). By assessing the level of knowledge and understanding of umbilical cord care practices, researchers can identify areas for improvement and develop targeted educational programs. Additionally, exploring the techniques employed by nursing mothers can help identify best practices that can be shared with other healthcare facilities.

Understanding the knowledge, practices, and techniques of umbilical cord care among nursing mothers is essential for improving neonatal health outcomes (Osuchukwu et al., 2017). Inadequate or improper care of the umbilical cord stump can lead to complications such as infection, bleeding, and delayed healing (Mohammed et al., 2020). By promoting evidence-based practices and providing support and education to mothers, healthcare professionals can help prevent these adverse outcomes and ensure the well-being of newborns.

Addressing variations in umbilical cord care practices requires a multifaceted approach that considers cultural, social, and economic factors (Uwingabire et al., 2020). In addition to providing education and counseling to mothers, healthcare facilities must also ensure access to essential resources such as clean water and appropriate hygiene products. Collaborating with community leaders and stakeholders can help promote positive behavior change and foster a supportive environment for optimal neonatal care.

Overall, the study focused on umbilical cord care among nursing mothers in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, holds significant implications for maternal and child health (Asiegbu et al., 2018). By understanding the factors influencing umbilical cord care practices and implementing targeted interventions, healthcare professionals can contribute to improved neonatal health outcomes and reduce the burden of preventable complications. Through collaboration and education, we can ensure that every newborn receives the best possible start in life.

1.2 Statement of Problem

Despite the recognized importance of proper umbilical cord care in ensuring the health and well-being of newborns, there are notable gaps and challenges that need to be addressed. Research has shown significant variations in knowledge, practices, and techniques of umbilical cord care among nursing mothers (Coffey & Brown, 2017). These variations can be influenced by factors such as cultural beliefs, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare services (Udosen et al., 2019). As a result, some mothers may engage in practices that could potentially harm their newborns, leading to complications such as infection, bleeding, and delayed healing (Mohammed et al., 2020).

In State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, where this study is focused, there is a pressing need to address these gaps and challenges in umbilical cord care practices (Asiegbu et al., 2019). Despite the availability of healthcare services and educational resources, there may still be gaps in understanding and implementing proper umbilical cord care practices among nursing mothers. This can result in suboptimal neonatal health outcomes and increased healthcare costs associated with treating preventable complications (Osuchukwu et al., 2017).

One of the key gaps to be addressed is the lack of comprehensive education and counseling for nursing mothers regarding umbilical cord care (Uwingabire et al., 2020). While healthcare facilities may provide basic information on hygiene practices, there is often a lack of targeted interventions that address cultural beliefs and misconceptions. Additionally, there may be barriers to accessing healthcare services, such as transportation challenges or cost considerations, which can further hinder mothers' ability to receive appropriate guidance and support (Asiegbu et al., 2018).

Furthermore, there is a need to enhance collaboration and communication between healthcare providers, community leaders, and stakeholders to promote consistent and evidence-based umbilical cord care practices (Ango et al., 2021). By engaging with local communities and leveraging existing networks, healthcare facilities can create a supportive environment that encourages positive behavior change and empowers mothers to prioritize their newborns' health. Additionally, investing in infrastructure and resources, such as clean water and hygiene supplies, can help overcome barriers to implementing recommended umbilical cord care practices (Afolaranmi et al., 2018).

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The specific objectives of this study were:

1. To assess the knowledge level of nursing mothers regarding umbilical cord care practices in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State.

2. To investigate the current practices of umbilical cord care among nursing mothers in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State.

3. To explore the techniques utilized by nursing mothers for umbilical cord care in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is the level of knowledge among nursing mothers regarding umbilical cord care practices in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State?

2. What are the current practices of umbilical cord care among nursing mothers in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State?

3. What techniques do nursing mothers utilize for umbilical cord care in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

1. There is no significant association between the level of education of nursing mothers and their knowledge of umbilical cord care practices.

2. The socioeconomic status of nursing mothers does not influences their practices of umbilical cord care.

3. Proper education and counseling sessions for nursing mothers can not lead to improved techniques for umbilical cord care.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study holds significant importance as it delves into the understanding, behaviors, and methodologies surrounding umbilical cord care among nursing mothers within State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State. By shedding light on these aspects, the research offers invaluable insights that can guide healthcare providers in pinpointing areas requiring targeted interventions and educational initiatives aimed at enhancing neonatal health outcomes. Through a comprehensive analysis of the knowledge, practices, and techniques employed by mothers in caring for their newborns' umbilical cords, this study has the potential to substantially impact maternal and child health practices, particularly in contexts where resources are limited.

Firstly, the findings of this study can directly inform healthcare providers within State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State, and beyond, about specific areas requiring attention and improvement in umbilical cord care practices. By identifying gaps in knowledge and understanding among nursing mothers, healthcare professionals can tailor interventions and educational programs to address these deficiencies effectively. This targeted approach can lead to enhanced adherence to recommended guidelines for umbilical cord care, thereby reducing the incidence of preventable complications and improving overall neonatal health outcomes.

Moreover, the insights gained from this study can contribute to the broader body of knowledge on maternal and child health, particularly in resource-constrained settings. By documenting and analyzing the practices and techniques employed by nursing mothers in a specific healthcare facility within Ogun State, this research adds valuable empirical evidence to the existing literature. These findings can serve as a reference point for future studies, interventions, and policy initiatives aimed at improving maternal and child health outcomes, not only within Nigeria but also in similar resource-limited contexts globally.

Additionally, this study has the potential to inform the development of contextually relevant and culturally sensitive interventions aimed at improving neonatal health outcomes. By understanding the unique sociocultural factors that influence umbilical cord care practices among nursing mothers in Ogun State, healthcare providers can design interventions that resonate with local beliefs, values, and practices. This approach can enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of interventions, leading to sustainable improvements in neonatal health outcomes over the long term.

In summary, this study offers valuable insights into umbilical cord care practices among nursing mothers in State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State, with implications for healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers alike. By identifying areas for improvement and contributing to the broader understanding of maternal and child health practices, this research has the potential to drive positive change and improve neonatal health outcomes, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study focused on nursing mothers who delivered their babies at State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. It assessed their knowledge, practices, and techniques of umbilical cord care within the first few weeks postpartum. The study did not include mothers who delivered outside the hospital setting or those who were unavailable for follow-up during the data collection period.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Umbilical cord care: Refers to the hygiene practices and techniques adopted by mothers to care for the umbilical cord stump of their newborn infants.

Nursing mothers: Women who have recently given birth and are currently breastfeeding their infants.

State Hospital, Ota, Ogun State: A healthcare facility located in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, providing medical services to residents of the state.

Knowledge level: Refers to the understanding and awareness of nursing mothers regarding umbilical cord care practices.

Current practices: The actions and behaviors demonstrated by nursing mothers in caring for the umbilical cord stump of their newborns.

Techniques: Specific methods and approaches employed by nursing mothers in the process of umbilical cord care.

Neonatal health outcomes: The health status and well-being of newborn infants within the first few weeks after birth.

Resource-constrained settings: Refers to environments with limited access to healthcare resources, infrastructure, and financial support.